This map aims to show language spoken at home. In countries where that's not published, the map shows "mother tongue", "native language", or language counts are estimated based off migration and ethnicity data. The area of each bubble is proportional to the number of people. In cases where people list multiple languages, they are split between the languages so as to not double count.

Zoom into a country to see just that country. Zoom out to return to viewing all countries.

Click on a language group in the legend to filter to just show those languages. If you see a language on the map and want to find it in the legend, you can hover or tap the map bubble to open the tooltip, and then click or tap the language.

Almost all data comes from national censuses. To see information about the data used, zoom into the country and expand the "Data" section near the top of the legend. Grey hatching marks places that have no data.

Base map: OpenFreeMap, with OpenMapTiles and OpenStreetMap contributors' data.

Population grid: Kontur Population (CC BY 4.0), and WorldPop (CC BY 4.0) for Eswatini. Boundaries: the OCHA Common Operational Datasets on the Humanitarian Data Exchange and geoBoundaries (both CC BY 4.0), national agencies' own units where they publish them, and Natural Earth coastlines. Language groups checked against Glottolog (CC BY 4.0). Each country's census is cited in its Data section. Drawn with MapLibre GL.

See more maps at anita.garden/projects!